Gwyntwr1386 Science Journal

The Role of A2M in Cancer – a review (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 CIC, U.K. info@gwyntwr1386.com Introduction Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) is a large protein found in the blood which is mainly produced by the liver. α2M is the largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in human plasma (1). It functions as a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor which are involved in various biological processes such as inflammation, cell growth, and blood clotting (2). α2M can also bind to and regulate cytokines and growth factors, thus influencing the immune system response (3). α2M also may play a role in various cancers and has been implicated in the development of some cancers and also as a tumor suppressor in other cancer types (4). α2M may act as an anticancer agent by inhibiting proteases, which are enzymes that can promote tumor growth and metastasis. It can also bind to and neutralize growth factors and cytokines, potentially slowing down cancer cell proliferation (...

More articles coming in the end of August. Be aware!

Can Hemoglobin be used to detect and monitor breast cancer progression? An A1C adapted POC test (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, 592 Old Chester Road, Birkenhead, CH42 4NW, info@gwyntwr1386.com Background and Rationale Haemoglobin is a protein which is present in red blood cells and that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and also for returning carbon dioxide from tissues to the lung. Low levels of hemoglobin (anemia) might be associated with cancer. A role for haemoglobin in cancer diagnosis in general is supported by a good number of publications. A previous work indicated the possibility of a direct relationship between the hemoglobin level and not only the early stages of cancer, but also the chemically induced precancerous condition (1). Interestingly, in patients with a diagnosis of primary lung, colorectal, breast or liver cancer, higher post-diagnosis haemoglobin change regardless of the b...

A2M IN ACUTE LEUKEMIA - BRIEF REPORT (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, 592 Old Chester Road, Birkenhead, CH42 4NW, info@gwyntwr1386.com Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, where there is a rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood interfering with normal blood cell production (1). Here, we analyze by proteomic analysis the precipitates after ultra-centrifugation of the conditioned media resulting from the cell culture of OCI-AML3 and Kasumi1 cell lines. We compare these proteomic profiles with those derived from the precipitates after ultra-centrifugation of plasma samples of control adult males (Control plasma male 1 and Control plasma male 2) OCI-AML3 cell line is derived from a 57 year-old male with Adult acute myeloid leukemia (2). Kasumi1 cell line is derived from the peripheral blood of a male AML patient, 7 weeks old (3). Results and Discus...

A2M IN BONE CANCER (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) - brief report 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, 58 Grove Rd, Birkenhead, CH42 3XX. info@gwyntwr1386.com Osteosarcoma is a type of bone sarcoma or primary bone cancer which usually develops in growing bones and can affect any bone although most common areas are the arms or legs. It is most often found in teenagers and young adults, although it can happen at any age. Around 1 in 10 osteosarcomas (10%) develop in adults in their 60s and 70s (1). Ewing tumors, however can start in either the bone or the soft tissue (2). Here, we analyzed by proteomics analysis, the content of the precipitates derived from the ultracentrifugation of conditioned media derived from the cell culture of different bone cancer cell lines (table 1). We found out that A2M is present in all cancer cell lines types with significant scores and that is present in higher levels in the osteosarcoma cell line 143B rather than in Ewing’s sarcoma cell lin...

A2M IN GASTRIC CANCER (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, 58 Grove Rd, Birkenhead, CH42 3XX. info@gwyntwr1386.com Gastric cancer is a cancer which develops from the lining of the stomach(1). The majority of the cases are gastric carcinomas, which can be divided into a number of subtypes, including gastric adenocarcinoma (2). Unfortunately, early gastric cancer causes few symptoms and the disease is usually advanced when the diagnosis is made being difficult to treat (3). We analyzed by proteomics the secretion of A2M by different gastric cancer cell lines derived from primary tumor tissues (4) or lymph node metastases (5) or stage IV tumors (6) in cell culture. We found out that (table 1), A2M presents significant scores in primary gastric cancer cell lines and in lymph node metastases cell lines, whereas is not present or is present in a non-significant way in gastric cancer stage IV cell lines. This points out a role for A2M in gastric...

Can Hemoglobin be used to detect and monitor cancer progression? An update (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, 58 Grove Road, Birkenhead, CH42 XX. info@gwyntwr1386.com The rationale for developing a lab based assay for cancer - Mammography screening is meant to reduce breast cancer mortality through early diagnosis and treatment of disease that would otherwise threaten life. However, in some cases a screening mammogram detects a cancer that would have neither caused death nor presented clinically during the woman’s lifetime. It is clear that to reduce the burden of over diagnosis on both the emotional and physical health of the patient and the economic health of the NHS, more sensitive tests for the diagnosis of breast cancer are needed (1, 1b, 1c). An hemoglobin based test would be very specific, unexpensive and very accessible as for the reasons detailed below. - Total hemoglobin and different hemoglobin subunits seem to be assoc...

A social Cafe to tackle drug addiction (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, 58 Grove Road, Birkenhead, CH42 XX. info@gwyntwr1386.com Description of the innovation To set up Netherlands bulldog like cafes at the NHS where you can freely consume cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamide, etc for free and moreover you can have a free delicious meal and enrolling different healthy activities. What problem is your innovation trying to solve? Drug addiction What diseases or conditions does your innovation impact? Mental health and behavioural conditions - Drug misuse

A2M in Prostate Cancer – short report (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, 58 Grove Road, Birkenhead, CH42 XX. info@gwyntwr1386.com Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a large protein found in the blood which is mainly produced by the liver. A2M is the largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in human plasma. We study the possibility that A2M can play a role in prostate cancer (PC) progression. Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in the world. Moreover, is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men (1). About 99% of cases occur after age 50 (1). Early prostate cancer symptoms are often similar to those of benign prostatic hyperplasia and include frequent urination, nocturia (increased urination at night), difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine, hematuria (blood in the urine), dysuria (painful urination) as well as fatigue due to anemia, and bone pain (1). Like early cancer, meta...

A2M in Lung Cancer – short report (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, 58 Grove Road, Birkenhead, CH42 XX. info@gwyntwr1386.com Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a large protein found in the blood which is mainly produced by the liver. A2M is the largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in human plasma. Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a large protein found in the blood which is mainly produced by the liver. A2M is the largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in human plasma. We study the possibility that A2M can play a role in lung cancer initiation and/or progression. Here we analyse by proteomic analysis, the presence of A2M (P010230) in the precipitates derived from conditioned media of different lung cancer cell lines and lung cancer-derived bone metastases (mets) (table 1). We find out that control cell WI38 presents quite a big Mascot score (993), while primary lung cancer cell lines present an average Mascot score level (315-415)...

A2M in Colorectal Cancer (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Harold Tomlin Day Centre, 24 Grosvenor Street, Chester, CH1 2DD. info@gwyntwr1386.com Colorectal cancer (CRC), is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). Staging of the cancer is based on both radiological and pathological findings. As with most other forms of cancer, tumor staging is based on the TNM system which considers how much the initial tumor has spread and the presence of metastases in lymph nodes and more distant organs. We analyze the possibility that A2M (alpha-2-macroglobulin) can play a role in CRC initiation and/or progression. Here, we analyze by proteomics the presence of A2M in the conditioned culture media of different CRC cell lines either overexpressing P53 or knockout for P53 (3) or treated with vitamin D and from different stages of tumor progression and benign tissues (table 1). We found out th...

A2M function in pancreatic cancer in mouse (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Harold Tomlin Day Centre, 24 Grosvenor Street, Chester, CH1 2DD. info@gwyntwr1386.com Introduction, results and discussion In our previous article we analyzed the hypothesis that A2M predicts cancer appearance or progression in the breast (1) and in the skin (2), now we analyse if this hypothesis might be true as well in the case of pancreatic cancer in mouse. The most common type of pancreatic cancer (PC) is adenocarcinoma, which accounts for 90% of the cases. Around 1-2% of the PC cases have a neuroendocrine origin, arising from the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas being in general less aggressive than the adenocarcinoma (3). In table 1, we found Mascot scores for two different mouse normal pancreas tissue CM samples (one shows a significant Mascot Score, while the other shows no A2M), PanIn cell ...

Does A2M predicts cancer appearance or progression in skin? (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Harold Tomlin Day Centre, 24 Grosvenor Street, Chester, CH1 2DD. info@gwyntwr1386.com Introduction In our previous article we analyzed the hypothesis that A2M predicts cancer appearance or progression in the breast (1), now we analyse if this hypothesis might be true as well in the case of the skin. The interstitial fluid and the deriving lymph are in direct contact with the cellular layer of each organ. Therefore, the analysis of the composition of the lymphatic fluid (LF) may provide precise pathological biochemical and cellular information about an organ including the skin (2). For these reasons, we collected LF samples both from healthy patients and cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients suffering from different stages of the disease, and submitted these samples to proteomic analysis and analyzed the expression of A2M in these sa...

Does Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) predicts breast cancer development or progression? (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1. Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Harold Tomlin Day Centre, 24 Grosvenor Street, Chester, CH1 2DD, info@gwyntwr1386.com Introduction, Results and Discussion Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) is a large protein found in the blood which is mainly produced by the liver. α2M is the largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in human plasma (1). It functions as a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor which are involved in various biological processes such as inflammation, cell growth, and blood clotting (2). α2M can also bind to and regulate cytokines and growth factors, thus influencing the immune system response (3). α2M also may play a role in various cancers and has been implicated in the development of some cancers and also as a tumor suppressor in other cancer types (4). α2M may act as an anticancer agent by inhibiting proteases, which are enzymes that can...

A triage centre and a medicine delivery and treatment monitoring service for patients with heart disease/ hypertension/diabetes using the NHS App for the NHS - GP surgeries providing medicines to patients (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1. Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Harold Tomlin Day Centre 24 Grosvenor Street Chester CH1 2DD info@gwyntwr1386.com The problem NHS 111 Key problems with the burden it places on emergency and ambulance services. Improvements need to be made to the NHS 111 service to make sure the triage software it uses prioritises patients accurately and minimises inappropriate referrals to the ambulance service. Also, the introduction of the NHS111 online service had a small impact on the number of triaged and total calls. However, evidence suggests an increase in the overall number of disposition recommendations (ambulance, emergency department and primary care) for NHS 111 telephone and online services combined following the int...

Social café supporting mental health and to combat discrimination - Business Plan Draft (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway, Chester, CH49QR, UK. info@gwyntwr1386.com - Objectives - Providing a safe space Mental health resources Raising awareness against discrimination Raise funding for NHS & Social Care by providing food and drinks Offer employment for marginalized individuals Host support groups Promote mental wellness - Location- Near mental health services, universities, community centres -Environment- Warm, inclusive, stigma-free, accessible place Staff should be trained about mental health and discrimination Quite areas for reflection and conversation -Partnerships- Mental health organizations Charities Advocacy groups -Services- Affordable healthy food and drinks Mental health resources: leaflets, helplines and self care guides Events like art th...

Private Pharmacy/Social Care Services - NHS Innovation Service submission (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway, Chester, CH49QR, UK. info@gwyntwr1386.com Description of innovation We can provide you domiciliary care including personal care and moving & handling, as well as provide you over-the-counter and pharmacy medicines and private prescriptions. We can also review your medicines use and contact GP surgeries and other healthcare units regarding management of your appointments and prescriptions, to expedite social care assessments . This service aims to provide a better integration between health and social care services leading to better outcomes for patients and service users. Also as these services are provided by self-employed pharmacists and self-employed carers or self-employed social workers (directly employed by an individual, or related third party, or with an agreement to work dir...

Parkinson’s disease and the Parkinsonisms (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1.Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway, Chester, CH49QR, UK. info@gwyntwr1386.com Parkinson’s Disease was first described by James Parkinson in 1817. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is caused by a loss of nerve cells in the part of the brain called the substantia nigra which produce dopamine. Dopamine acts as a messenger between the parts of the brain and nervous system that help control and co-ordinate body movements. The loss of these nerve cells is a slow process and Parkinson's disease symptoms' usually start to develop when around 50% of the nerve cell activity in the substantia nigra have been lost (1). Parkinson's disease is a common condition in elderly people. About 137,000 people were living with Parkinson's disease in the UK. The prevalence rate was 286.5 per 100,000 person-years (2). The symptoms of Parkinson's disease ...

Music therapy, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease – a review (ISSN 2753-8176 (online)) 1. Ana Pedro 1.Gwyntwr1386 Health & Social Care, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway, Chester, CH49QR, UK. info@gwyntwr1386.com Music shows a positive effect on cognitive functioning and music-making has a small but statistically significant effect on cognitive functioning for older adults with probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia (1). Music therapy (MT) positively affects mood, neuropsychiatric behaviour, apathy, communication and physical functions for dementia improving symptomatology. Also, behavioural/psychological symptoms improve in severe dementia, and memory and verbal fluency improve in mild Alzheimer's disease. Both active (playing music) and receptive (listening to music) methods are used for dementia (2). Also, MT besides improving patients' symptomatology also helps with caregivers' burden(3). Also, music based interventions (MBIs) consisting o...