Gwyntwr1386 Science Journal

Hemoglobin in colorectal cancer Ana Pedro (1) 1. Gwyntwr1386 Pharmacy, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway,Chester CH4 9QR, United Kingdom anapedrolaboratories@gmail.com Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine)(1) Staging of the cancer is based on both radiological and pathological findings. As with most other forms of cancer, tumor staging is based on the TNM system which considers how much the initial tumor has spread and the presence of metastases in lymph nodes and more distant organs (2). While 30% at the patients will actually benefit from adjuvant treatment, 50% of them being already cured by the surgery and 20% of them will experience disease recurrence despite the adjuvant treatment (3) . Also, anemia is the only finding that correlates with highly advanced CRC, in the pre-operative stage (4). Tumor cells are found to secr...

Hemoglobin in Pancreatic Cancer – short report, ISSN 2753-8176 (online), DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20722.79043 A na Pedro (1) 1. Gwyntwr1386 Pharmacy, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway,Chester CH4 9QR, United Kingdom anapedrolaboratories@gmail.com S ome cancer cell types such as from prostate, lung and breast cancers might express hemoglobin beta , which might be a defense mechanism of tumor cells against intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1). We examine the presence of hemoglobin subunits in different types of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines cell culture conditioned media (CM)(https://zenodo.org/record/7339463#.Y3pC5XbP3IU). The most common of pancreatic cancer (PC) is adenocarcinoma, accounting for about 90% of cases. Around 1–2% of cases of PC have a neuroendocrine origin , arising from the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas. These tumours in general are less aggressive than pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, a histo...

PCR and RT-PCR are still experimental techniques Ana Pedro 1 1 Gwyntwr1386 Healthcare CIC, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway, Chester, CH49QR, UK 1. Corresponding author: anapedrolaboratories@gmail.com The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique currently used to rapidly amplify a very small sample of a complete or partial specific DNA sequence, which is exponentially amplified in a series of cycles of temperature changes to a large enough amount of DNA to be studied in detail. PCR was invented in 1983 by the American biochemist Kary Mullis (1). PCR uses short single strand DNA fragments (oligonucleotides) which are complementary sequences to the target DNA region in study named primers, a DNA polymerase and deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs, nucleotides containing triphosphate groups), which are the unit blocks from which the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand. In the first step of PCR, the two strands of the DNA double helix are physically separated...

Ana Pedro 1 1 Gwyntwr1386 Healthcare CIC, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway, Chester, CH49QR, UK Keywords: ASD, APOE, APOL1 1. Corresponding author: anapedrolaboratories@gmail.com Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a group of developmental disabilities which cause impairments in social skills, communication and repetitive behaviours. This causes big obstacles in interpersonal relationships and it is a heavy burden for society and the families of autistic individuals (1) We performed FunRich analysis (http://www.funrich.org/) of proteomics data derived from plasma samples of autistic children, their normal siblings and their parents (https://zenodo.org/record/7111193#.YzAsunbMLIU) after submitting these samples to rounds of ultracentrifugation and collecting the precipitate for proteomics analysis according to the protocol described at Andre et al (9). We considered significant Mascot scores above or close to 90 and found out that apoliproteins E (APOE) (total) and L1 (APOL1...

Ana Pedro1 1Gwyntwr1386 Healthcare CIC, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway, Chester, CH49QR, UK Viruses are defined as submicroscopic infectious agents which can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. Supposedly, viruses are able to infect animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archea. Moreover, when not inside the cells they infected, viruses exist in the form of individual particles, named virions. Virions are composed accordingly to literature by genetic material (DNA or RNA which encode the structure of the proteins by which the virus acts); by a protein coat, the capsid, which surrounds and protects the genetic material; and in some cases an outside envelope of lipids (1). Curiously, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles which are naturally released from almost all types of cells and cannot replicate alone as well. Similarly to virions they carry also carry proteins, nucleic acids and lipids(2). Moreover, e...

A possible function for P21 CDKN1A in a mid-pachytene/XY body checkpoint in mouse spermatocytes – short report ISSN 2753-8176 (online), DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.10079.94880 Ana Pedro1 1Gwyntwr1386 Healthcare CIC, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway, Chester, CH49QR, UK Keywords: P21 CDKN1A, mid-pachytene checkpoint, XY body 1. Corresponding author: anapedrolaboratories@gmail.com. It was suggested the existence of a mid-pachytene checkpoint where this checkpoint could be activated at the earliest at stage IV (1). On a previous publication (2), we found that the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor P21 CDKN1A might be involved in a mid-pachytene checkpoint among other checkpoints in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Mice deficient for Atm are male sterile with arrest and apoptosis occurring at testis epithelial stage IV, which in normal spermatocytes corresponds to mid-pachynema (3). In Atm/p53 or Atm/p21 double mutants, assembly of Rad51 foci on axial elements is defective, and ga...

Hemoglobin as a biomarker for melanoma - short report Ana Pedro (1) 1. Gwyntwr1386 Pharmacy, Regus Chester Business Park, Heronsway,Chester CH4 9QR, United Kingdom anapedrolaboratories@gmail.com Introduction Anemia is a common condition within cancer patients affecting their survival (1). In cutaneous melanoma (CM), low blood hemoglobin concentration is associated with nodal involvement and metastatic disease. Although anemia in diagnosis is not an independent prognostic factor for survival in CM, it is associated with poor prognostic factors (2). Also, the interstitial fluid and the deriving lymph are in direct contact with the cellular layer of each organ. Therefore, the analysis of the composition of the lymphatic fluid may provide precise pathological biochemical and cellular information about an organ including the skin (3). For these reasons, we collected lymphatic fluid samples both from healthy patients and CM patients suffering from different stages...